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Saturday, August 3, 2013

Fiqh Sciences

I. Understanding Fiqh Sciences

Allah says in Surah At Tawbah [9]: 123;

So if not better than each group a class of humans to air tafaqquh (understand fiqh) in the affairs of religion and to warn their people when they return; hopefully be able to take care of his people (keep limit orders and prohibitions of Allah).

Prophet's sayings:

Whoever desired by God given goodness and virtue, undoubtedly given to him to late-faqih (jurisprudent understand) in matters of religion. (Narrated by Bukhari, Muslim).

Fiqh is the science of knowing God's law relating to all the good that must amaliah mukallaf, sunna, or permissible, makrooh or haram unearthed from the obvious arguments (tafshili).

Product fiqh is fiqh. While the rules istinbath (issued) law from the source studied in Usul Fiqh.

Wednesday, January 16, 2013

PERSONAL PRAYER (DU`A) AFTER SALAH:

When you have completed your Fard or Sunnah prayers, you may pray to Allah in your own words offering him praise, thanksgiving or asking him for forgiveness for yourself or other Muslims or your own dear and near ones. For this Du`a keep sitting after the obligatory prayers, hold up your hands near each other with the palms up and fingers slightly bent (as shown in figure 32). In this position you may offer anyone of these or other personal prayers:

ALLAHUM-MA ANTAS-SALAM WA-MINKAS-SALAM

O Allah, You are the Author of peace and from You comes peace.

TABARAKTA YA-DHALJALALI WAL-IKRAM

Blessed are you, O Lord of Majesty and Honour.

ALLAHUM-MA-GHFIRLI WALIWALDAYYA WALI USTADHI

O Allah, forgive me and my parents and my teachers,

PERSONAL PRAYER (DU`A) AFTER SALAH:

When you have completed your Fard or Sunnah prayers, you may pray to Allah in your own words offering him praise, thanksgiving or asking him for forgiveness for yourself or other Muslims or your own dear and near ones. For this Du`a keep sitting after the obligatory prayers, hold up your hands near each other with the palms up and fingers slightly bent (as shown in figure 32). In this position you may offer anyone of these or other personal prayers:

ALLAHUM-MA ANTAS-SALAM WA-MINKAS-SALAM

O Allah, You are the Author of peace and from You comes peace.

TABARAKTA YA-DHALJALALI WAL-IKRAM

Blessed are you, O Lord of Majesty and Honour.

ALLAHUM-MA-GHFIRLI WALIWALDAYYA WALI USTADHI

O Allah, forgive me and my parents and my teachers,

WALIJAMI'LMU'MININA WAL MUMINATI WAL MUSLIMINA WAL MUSLIMAT

and all the believing men and women and obedient men and women with your mercy.

BIRAHMATIKA YA-ARHAMAR-RAHIMIN

O Most Merciful of (all) those who show mercy.

Thursday, January 10, 2013

CHAPTER VI

SALAH ON SPECIFIC OCCASIONS

JUMU'AH (or Friday) Prayer

Beside the daily Salah, the Friday prayer is also obligatory upon Muslim men. For Muslim women it is not obligatory, but is desirable if they are able to do so without upsetting their household work.

The Friday Salah is offered in congregation on Friday at Zuhr time. First the Imam delivers a sermon (Khutabh). Then he leads the congregation in a two raka'at Salah. After this two or more raka'at of Sunnah or Nafilah prayers are offered individually.

TARAWIH (or Ramadan) PRAYER

These prayers are offered during the month of Ramadan after 'Isha Salah. These consist of eight, twelve or twenty raka'at, and are offered two by two with a short rest between every four raka'at. They may be said alone but 4 collective prayers are recommended. These are additional 4 Sunnah prayers.

THE `ID PRAYERS (Salatul-`ldayn)

There are two 'Id or occasions of great festivity for the Muslims. The first is called ldul-Fitr or the festival of fastbreaking. It is celebrated on the first day of the tenth Islamic month (Shawwal) following Ramadan, the month of fasting. It marks great thanks-giving for the Muslims all over the world.

The second 'Id is the `Idul-Adha or the festival of great sacrifice, which is observed on the tenth of Dhul-Hijjah, the last Islamic month. The animals are sacrificed to celebrate the great sacrifice of the Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him)

On both these `Ids, Id prayers are offered in congregation any time after sunrise and before noon. There is no Adhan (call for prayer) or Iqamah (second call before congregation). The Id prayer consists of two raka'at (offered just as the two raka'at of Jumu'ah prayer are said) with six to sixteen additional 'Takbirs' (ALLAHU AKBAR). You say three or more Takbirs in the first raka'at after 'Thana' and three or more 'Takbirs' in the second raka'at before you bow down for Ruku'.

A sermon (Khutbah) is delivered by the Imam (leader of the prayer) after the two raka'at Id prayer unlike the Jumuiah prayer when it precedes the prayer.

The presence of all Muslims, women and children included, is strongly recommended.

FUNERAL PRAYERS

It is a prayer to Allah for a deceased Muslim, and is a common obligation on all Muslims of the locality. The funeral Salah is offered in congregation but unlike other formal prayers, it has neither any Ruku' (bowing) nor any Sajdah (prostration). Here it is the complete sequence of he funeral prayer.

Saying Takbir (Allahu Akbar) with the rest of the congregation raise your hands to your ears, then bring them down on, above or below the navel as in formal , prayers with the right hand on the left. Then recite the following praise or Thana silently:

SUBHANAKAL-LA HUM-MA WABIH-AMDIKA

Glory to Allah, and praise be to You

WATABARA-KASMUKA WATA'ALA JADDUKA

and blessed is Your name and Exalted is your Majesty

WAJJAL-LA THANA'OKA WALA ILAHA GHAIRUK

and Glorious is Your praise and there is none worthy of worship besides You.

After Thana again raise hands to your ears saying Allahu Akbar. Now silently recite the Darud:

ALLAHUM-MA SALLE 'ALA MUHAMMADIW

O Allah, exalt Muhammad

WA 'ALA ALI MUHAMMADIN

and the followers of Muhammad

KAMA SALLAITA 'ALA IBRAHIMA

as Thou has exalted Ibrahtim

WA 'ALA ALI IBRAHIMA

and the followers of Ibrahim

IN-NAKA HAMIDUM MAJEED

Thou surely art praised Magnified.

ALLAHUM-MA Bi4RIK 'ALA MUHAMMADIW

O Allah. bless Muhammad

WA ALA ALI MUHAMMADIN

and the followers of Muhammad

KAMA BARAKTA 'ALA IBRAHIMA

as Thou has blessed Ibrahrim

WA 'ALA ALI IBRAHIMA

and the followers of Ibrahim

IN-NAKA HAMIDUM-MAJEED

Surely Thou art the praised and Magnified.

(a) Now in case the deceased Muslim is an adult, recite this Dua:

ALLAHUM-MAGHFIRLI-HAYYINA WAMAYYITINA

O Allah pardon our living and our dead

WASHAHIDINA WAGHA'IBINA

the present and the absent.

WASAGHIRINA WAKABIRINA

our young and the old,

WADHAKARINA WAUNTHANA

and the males and females.

ALLAHUM-MA MAN-AHYAYTAHU MIN-NA FA-AHYIHI 'ALAL ISLAM

O Allah, be to whom You accord life among us cause him to live in the observance of Islam.

WAMAN TAWAF-FAITAHU MIN-NA FATAWAF-FAHU 'ALAL-IMAN

and be to whom You give death, cause him to die in the state of Iman (faith).

(b) If the deceased is an adult woman substitute the last two lines with the following:

ALLAHUM-MA MAN AHYAITAHA MIN-NA FA AHYIHA 'ALAL ISLAM

O Allah, she to whom You accord life among us, cause her to live in the observation of Islam,

WAMANTAWAF-FAITAHA MIN-NA FATAWAF-FA HA 'ALAL IMAN

and she to whom you give death, cause her to die in the state of Aman (faith).

(c) If the deceased is a minor and a boy then recite this Du'a:

ALLAHUM-MA J'ALHU LANA FARATAW

O Allah, Make him our fore-runner,

WAJ`JALHULANA ARJAW-WADHUKHRAW

and make him for us a reward and a treasuer,

WAJ`ALHULANA SHAFI`AW MUSHF-FAA

andmake him for us a pleader, and accept his pleading.

(d) If the deceased is a minor and a girl, then recite this Du`a

ALLAHUM-MA-J`ALHALANA FARTAW

O Allah, make her our fore-runner,

WAJ`JALHALANA AJRAW WADHUKHRAW

and make for us reward and a treasure

WAJ`JALHALANA SHAFI'ATAW WA-MUSHAF-FA'AH

and make her for us a pleader, and except her pleading.

After this the Imam gain says aloud "Allahu Akbar". The congregation repeats these words silently. Then the Imama and the Muslims turn their faces first to the right and then to the left side saying As-salamu-Alaikum Wa-Rahmatullah on either side

Tuesday, January 1, 2013

CHAPTER V

SUNNAH AND NAFILAH OR ADDITIONAL PRAYER

As you can see in the chart below, each Salah is composed of (a) Fard, the prescribed prayers, (b) Sunnah and (c) Nafilah or additional prayers. The Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) said these additional prayers before or after the prescribed (Fard) prayers. These are therefore recommended. The sequence of these additional prayers in each Salah is given below:

SALAT-UL-WITR

The three raka'at prayers said after the Fard and Sunnah of the 'Isha is called Salat-ul-Witr. It is strongly recommended in the practice of the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) and is Wajib (necessary) according to one section of Muslims. Others regard it a mere Sunnah Salah.

The first two raka'at of this Salat-ul-Witr are said like the first two raka'at of the Maghrib prayers. In the third raka'at after Al-Fatihah, recite some additional Surah or verses of the Qursan.

Then, saying ALLAHU AKBAR raise your hands above your shoulders, fold your hands, and recite the following or any other similar Du'a silently. This is called Dua-al-Qunut or the prayer of submission:

ALLAHUM-MA IN-NA NASTA'INUKA

O Allah, we seek Thy help,

WANASTAGHFIRUKA

and ask Thy forgiveness,

WANU'MINU BIKA WANATAWAK-KALU 'ALAIKA

and believe in Thee and trust in Thee,

WANUTHNI 'ALAIKAL-KHAIRA WA NASHKURUKA

and we praise Thee in the best manner and we thank Thee,

WALANAKFURUKA WANAKHLA'U WANATRUKU

and we are not unqrateful and we cast off and forsake him

MAY-YAF JURUK ALLAHUM-MA IY-YAKA N'ABUDU

also disobeys Thee. O Allah, Thee alone do we worship,

WALAKA NUSAI -LI WA-NASJUDU WA-ILAIKA NAS'A

and to Thee we pray, and beforo Thee do we prostrate, to Thee do we turn to

WANAHFIDU WANARJU RAHMATAKA WANAKHSHA ADHABAKA

in haste, and hope for Thy mercy, and we fear Thy punishment.

IN-NA 'ADHABAKA BIL KUF-FARI MULHIQ

Thy punishment surely overtakes the unbelievers.

After this saying ALLAHU AKBAR bow down in Ruku' and then complete the rest of the prayers like the Maghrib prayers.

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